Introduction: Importance of the Nervous System and Neurological Diseases

Neurological diseases cover a wide range of disorders and diseases of the nervous system. In this article, we will cover a range of topics from the anatomy and functions of the nervous system, to the prevalence and effects of neurological diseases, to the importance and scope of neurosurgery.

Anatomy and functions of the nervous system

The nervous system is a complex network of the body and is divided into two main parts: the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system (nerve fibres and neurons). The brain and spinal cord govern all information processing and coordination in the body, while the peripheral nervous system receives sensory information and interacts with the body’s environment by transmitting motor responses.

Prevalence and effects of neurological diseases

Neurological diseases include many different conditions such as epilepsy, stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and affect millions of people worldwide. These diseases can seriously affect quality of life and can even be fatal.

The importance and scope of neurosurgery

Neurosurgery is a branch of medicine specialised in treating neurological diseases by performing surgical interventions on the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nervous system. Specialists in this field help to improve the quality of life of patients and save their lives by performing complex surgical procedures.

Brain and Spinal Cord Anatomy

The brain and spinal cord are the central control centres of the nervous system and regulate all functions of the body.

Structure and functions of the brain and spinal cord

The brain is the most complex organ of the body and manages many important functions, such as thinking, moving and processing emotions. The spinal cord carries nerve fibres from the brain and controls reflex movements in the body.

Brain membranes and fluid circulation

The brain is surrounded by three different membrane layers: dura mater, arachnoid mater and pia mater. These membranes protect and support the brain. In addition, the cerebrospinal fluid in and around the brain supports and protects the brain tissue.

Anatomy of nerve fibres and neurons

Nerve fibres are long extensions of the body that transmit electrical signals and are formed by neurons. Neurons are known as nerve cells and play an important role in the transmission of information throughout the brain and spinal cord.

Neurological Surgical Procedures and Techniques

Neurosurgery has a wide spectrum to treat neurological diseases using various surgical procedures and techniques.

Tumour surgery: Surgical management of brain and spinal cord tumours

Brain and spinal cord tumours can cause neurological complications and can be life-threatening. Neurosurgeons can save patients’ lives by performing surgical interventions to remove or reduce tumours.

Neurovascular surgery: Treatment of brain vessels and aneurysms

Neurovascular surgery is a branch of surgery used to treat diseases affecting the brain vessels. Conditions such as aneurysms are dangerous conditions caused by weak spots in the vessel wall and may require surgical intervention.

Spine surgery: Surgical treatment of spinal deformities, hernias and traumatic injuries

Spine surgery involves surgical interventions to correct anatomical disorders and injuries to the spine. Such surgical procedures can help prevent spinal cord damage and help patients regain mobility.

Neurological Rehabilitation and Treatment Approaches

Neurological rehabilitation includes a range of treatment methods used to reduce the effects of neurological diseases and improve the quality of life of patients.

The importance and aims of neurological rehabilitation

Neurological rehabilitation is designed to increase patients’ functional independence, restore activities of daily living and improve quality of life.

Physical therapy and neuromuscular rehabilitation techniques

Physical therapy is a form of treatment using exercises, manipulations and other physical interventions to reduce the effects of neurological diseases. Neuromuscular rehabilitation involves special exercises and techniques to correct disorders of the nervous and muscular system.

Neuropsychological rehabilitation and cognitive therapy methods

Neuropsychological rehabilitation is a treatment method that aims to improve the cognitive functions of individuals with brain injury or impairment. Cognitive therapy includes techniques such as improving problem-solving skills, increasing attention and focusing abilities.

Advanced Technology and Innovations

In the field of neurosurgery, technology is constantly evolving and new innovations are emerging.

Use of navigation-assisted surgical systems

Navigation-assisted surgical systems use advanced imaging technologies that help surgeons perform more precise and effective surgical interventions. These systems allow surgeons to more accurately reach lesions and optimise the surgical process.

Endoscopic and minimally invasive neurosurgical techniques

Endoscopic and minimally invasive surgical techniques are less invasive and less traumatic than conventional surgical methods. These techniques can shorten the recovery time of patients and reduce the risk of complications after surgical intervention.

Robotic surgery applications and promising technologies

Robotic surgical systems are advanced robotic technologies that allow surgeons to perform more precise and controlled movements. These systems can make the surgical process safer and more effective and speed up the recovery process of patients.

Neurosurgery: Outcome

Neurosurgery plays an important role in the treatment of diseases of the nervous system and is becoming more effective and safe with technological advances. Continuous innovations in this field offer a promising future to improve the quality of life of patients and improve treatment processes.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

• What types of conditions does neurosurgery treat?

Neurosurgery treats a variety of diseases and disorders of the brain, spinal cord and nervous system, including tumours, aneurysms, spinal injuries and nerve damage.

• What benefits does neurological rehabilitation provide?

Neurological rehabilitation can increase patients’ functional independence, help them regain their activities of daily living and improve their quality of life.

• What technologies are used for neurosurgery?

Technologies used in neurosurgery include navigation-assisted surgical systems, endoscopic surgical equipment and robotic surgical systems.

• How is the recovery process after neuro surgery?

The recovery process varies depending on the type of surgical intervention and the general health status of the patient. However, usually patients may need to rest for a certain period of time and participate in physical rehabilitation programmes.

• How to prevent neurological diseases?

To prevent neurological diseases, it is important to maintain a healthy lifestyle, exercise regularly, eat a balanced diet and manage stress. It is also important to have regular medical check-ups and not to ignore symptoms.